Wednesday, January 26, 2011

When You Are Not Hungry, You Are More Willing to Cooperate : Siham Nuseibeh

The recent popular upheavals in Tunisia and toppling of President Zine El-Abedine Ben Ali have inspired widespread protests against unemployment, price hikes and corruption in countries across the region, including Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Mauritania and Yemen. In several North African countries, perhaps as a shared dense of despair, some protestors have gone so far as to imitate Mohammed Bouazizi, the young Tunisian fruit seller whose self-immolation on December 17, 2010.
The streets in some parts of the Middle East have, however, remained remarkably quiet. Aside from a small, peaceful protest against low wages and high costs of living in the southern Gulf state of Oman, the events in Tunisia seem to have had little impact on the populations of the oil-rich Gulf States.
In Kuwait, the government expressed respect for the decisions of Tunisians to remove their president, while stronger declarations of support came from opposition Members of the Kuwaiti Parliament (MP). Hailed as a “victory for freedom” and as signalling “that all oppressive regimes will meet the same fate”, some opposition MPs, belonging by and large to various Islamist political groups, expressed more ardent support for the events in Tunisia. Still, other MPs and members of government publicly criticized attempts to compare the Tunisian case to Kuwait, arguing that the extensive deprivations and suffering of the Tunisian people is incomparable to the high standard of living enjoyed by Kuwaitis.
Although it may in fact be inappropriate to make comparisons between the lives of Tunisians and Kuwaiti nationals, many of whom enjoy high living standards and reap the immense benefits of a cradle to grave welfare system, recent events in the oil-rich emirate belie the seemingly calm reaction to Ben Ali’s ousting. On January 17, 2011, three days after President Ben Ali fled Tunisia, the ruler of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah al-Ahmad al-Sabah, announced the distribution of 1,000 Kuwaiti Dinars ($3,572) in cash as well as free, monthly food rations to every Kuwaiti citizen for the next 14 months. In light of the announcement’s timing, more than a few eyebrows have been raised at the ruler’s seeming “generosity”.
While the Kuwaiti state has had its share of problems, most of these challenges have existed at the highest levels of governance, involving sectarian and tribal feuds within parliament and struggles between opposition MPs and the ruling establishment. The state has also been racked by a political crisis, which saw the prime minister nearly ousted by a narrow vote in parliament earlier this month over crackdowns by the police.
These travails, however, have remained seemingly far from the day-to-day concerns of average citizens. In fact, the Kuwaiti government epitomizes the typical Gulf state in its provision of generous public benefits and social services to its citizens. Many experts have described this arrangement as the “golden bargain” struck between the oil-rich rulers of the Gulf countries and their citizens, who have unwittingly (and sometimes willingly) ceded their political voices for relative economic prosperity. With the Kuwaiti street largely silent in the aftermath of the Tunisian uprising, many view the forthcoming cash and food distribution as the latest iteration of this golden bargain.
There is, however, an even greater distinction that must be drawn between Tunisia and Kuwait. Unlike Tunisia, the Gulf emirate is a fragmented entity, and the concept of a ‘mass public’ still underdeveloped. Political struggles run along ethnic and tribal lines. Similarly, on a social level, locals view one another in ethnic and tribal terms.[1]
Conclusion
While events in Tunisia have inspired a spate of popular protests across the region, it is safe to say that the Kuwaiti street has remained impervious. While Kuwait’s population remains stratified on social and political levels, there exists no large, hungry and unemployed mass to rally behind a common cause. For this reason, though it may be too soon to tell how the Tunisian and other regional uprisings may or may not affect the oil-rich Gulf, it is likely that Kuwait’s “golden bargain” will continue to keep any simmering frustrations from boiling over any time soon.

What Arabs Could Learn From Japan: BOUTHAINA SHAABAN

As soon as you arrive in this unique country, you realize that here is a different culture you have not experienced anywhere else in the world. The Japanese greet you with repeated bows to show their respect for your humanity, not your position. Coming from the Arab world, one is surprised to find that time is measured in minutes not days, months and years. My escort from the foreign ministry bows and asks permission to explain where we are going and the plan for the next few hours. She tells me that we need 13 minutes to reach our meeting place, which means we have two minutes to visit the nearby temple where young people start their day praying for God to guide their steps in their new job. Arriving at the meeting place, you find someone waiting for you to give you visitors’ cards and accompany you to another place without saying a word. You enter the meeting room to find chairs for the official receiving you and his assistants surrounded by two rows of chairs for young men and women whose number exceeds the number of the officials taking part in the meeting.

You watch the young people sitting quietly, fully absorbed in writing down, while the discussion goes on between you, the guest, and your hosts. You look at the Japanese official and see him holding a few pieces of paper with Japanese writing on them, which he turns with his fingers every now and then, and notice that your photo is printed on them. So, it is your resume, distributed to all those you are scheduled to meet. Looking at these young men and women, I thought how far we are in the Arab world from educating and training our young staff in the workplace, and how right the Japanese are in designing their offices and work places to have a prominent and permanent place for these young people so that they learn from the experience of their elders.

No one asks you whether you want to drink tea or coffee. You are always offered Japanese green tea in beautiful, colorful Japanese cups. You wonder why do not we have a national drink, while our land produces plenty of thyme, malliseh, aniseed, zoofa and many other aromatic herbs, flowers and medicinal plants instead of tea and coffee which we do not produce.

Spiritual life in Japan is still as it was hundreds of years ago. People still go to their temples, have sanctities which they revere and their ritual sacrifices which they believe have an effect on their daily life despite the violent American cultural invasion which aimed at destroying the Japanese spirit.
There is a tremendous effort in Japan to protect heritage and combine it with what is modern and useful to the new generations, without ignoring or replacing it. When we arrived in Toba, on our way to Kyoto, I remembered my visits to my home village and the joy I used to feel going to bed with my children and parents the Arab way. Here in Toba, they asked me whether I wanted to sleep the Japanese way. When I said yes, they put a beautiful mattress on the wooden floor. When we went to dinner, we were asked to take off our shoes at the door of the dining room and were seated at a dinner table about thirty centimeters high.

Absolute accuracy is a life style in Japan. So is working silently, modestly and competently not only in political circles, but in the dynamics of every sector your luck brings you in contact with. They do not talk much; and do not say yes unless they are one hundred per cent sure they are capable of fulfilling what they have promised. The culture of blabbering, ornamental language and empty promises is non-existent. Coming in touch, for a short while, with this administrative, moral, social and political system, you acutely feel what is lacking in the Arab world and realize the amount of neglect befalling our culture, heritage, history, our children’s education and the future of our countries.

Tunisia and the world: roots of turmoil : Paul Rogers

Across north Africa and the middle east, ruling elites watch the popular insurrection in Tunisia with concern and even fear. There are already some indications that the uprising there is emboldening oppositions elsewhere, not least in Egypt and Algeria.
The talk of a domino effect aided by the internet and social media may be premature, in part because these tools are far less widespread in much larger and poorer Egypt. More significant in any case has been the broadcaster Al-Jazeera's massive coverage of Tunisian issues.
This is partly because some elites are already starting to limit and even co-opt opposition: often with more cautious public-order control than the Tunisian regime showed, but also by accepting the need to ease the more severe economic problems such as rising food prices. Such moves may not prevent an upheaval in Egypt - the country to watch - but it is still enlightening to see the upheaval in Tunisia in a far wider context.
A global dimension
In matters of world economy, the first five years of the 21st century saw widespread growth: steady in most countries, rapid in the largest emerging economies (notably China and India). Even at the height of the Iraq war and (at that time) the low-level Afghan conflict, western analysts could here find some consolation.
That changed dramatically in 2007-08 with the United States’s sub-prime crisis. The unravelling of the system of multi-billion-dollar collateralised debt obligations - often complex bundles of credit-default swops - soon threatened some of the world's largest financial institutions. Massive government bailouts in western Europe and the US averted collapse, but many countries will be paying the price for years to come.
The ensuing economic stringency has provoked strong public opposition in many countries, including mass demonstrations and some street violence. These trends are likely to be further stimulated by the current round of salary and bonus hikes by some of the biggest financial institutions. Goldman Sachs, for example, paid its 6,000 staff an average of just under $500,000 in 2010; and it has removed the bonus “cap” of $1.6 million for each of its 500 leading staff. All this at a time of rising unemployment across western economies.
True, there is evidence from the growth of vibrant Asian economies and other regions that the world economy as a whole remains on course, with further expansion anticipated. China reports an extraordinary 10.3% increase in GDP for 2010 and India continues to grow apace.
A deeper view offers a different picture, however. A theme of this series of columns is that rapid growth in India is matched by deep inequalities whose fruits include a resurgence of the neo-Maoist Naxalite insurgency, which now affects around half India's states (see "India's 21st-century war", 5 November 2009).
In China, too, rapid growth also intensifies widening divisions. By the start of 2010, the richest 10% of the Chinese population controlled 45% of the wealth and the poorest had just 1.4%: a wealth-poverty ratio of 31:1. This is leading to rising social tensions - including frequent strikes, demonstrations and riots - which are now regarded by elements in the Chinese leadership as the worst problem facing the country (see Mitch Moxley, “As Poverty and Privilege Clash, Social Tensions Rise in China”, TerraViva/IPS, 14 December 2010).

the next of the region’s dictators forced to flee into exile: Jason Ditz

With the ouster of President Ben Ali of Tunisia still fresh in everyone’s mind, Yemeni President Ali Abdullah Saleh is scrambling to tamp down his own growing protest movement, concerned he may be the next of the region’s dictators forced to flee into exile.
Already, President Saleh has pledged not to run for a third term, saying that the constitutional amendment ending term limits for his office was “misunderstood,” and has freed Tawakul Karman, the human rights activist whose arrest sparked considerable anger amongst protesters.
Karman, however, insists that she is not done protesting, and speaking to a crowd of nearly 1,000 people promised a “Jasmine Revolution” like the one in Tunisia would remove the Saleh government.
Saleh, for his part, responded to the calls for his ouster by promising to increase the salary of his soldiers, and marveling at the “utmost rudeness” of the opposition for insisting that he would find some way to stay in office past 2013, or else pass rule of the nation to his son. This assumes, of course, that the protesters don’t chase him out before then.

le départ de Moubarak: le départ de Moubarak

LE CAIRE — Deux manifestants et un policier ont trouvé la mort mardi lors de manifestations rassemblant plusieurs milliers d'Egyptiens, qui ont réclamé le départ du président Hosni Moubarak, au pouvoir depuis 1981, une contestation inspirée par la révolte populaire tunisienne.

Deux manifestants sont décédés à Suez (nord de l'Egypte) après des heurts avec la police, et au Caire un policier a succombé après avoir été battu par des manifestants, selon de sources médicales et de sécurité.

Les forces de l'ordre sont intervenues dans la nuit de mardi à mercredi avec d'importants tirs de gaz lacrymogènes pour disperser des milliers de manifestants présents sur la grande place Tahrir, dans le centre de la capitale, proche de nombreux bâtiments officiels.

Scandant "Moubarak dégage", "la Tunisie est la solution", des milliers d'Egyptiens ont défilé au Caire comme à Alexandrie (nord) et dans de nombreuses autres villes, face à un dispositif policier massif.

Selon des spécialistes, ces manifestations anti-gouvernementales étaient les plus importantes depuis les émeutes de 1977 provoquées par une hausse du prix du pain.

La secrétaire d'Etat américaine, Hillary Clinton, a toutefois assuré depuis Washington que le gouvernement égyptien, ferme allié des Etats-Unis au Moyen-Orient, était "stable".

Environ 15.000 personnes ont manifesté dans plusieurs quartiers du Caire, dont 10.000 sur la place Tahrir, selon des chiffres officiels, en scandant "le peuple veut le départ du régime".

Au total, 20 à 30.000 membres des forces de l'ordre ont été mobilisés dans la capitale, selon la police.

Le ministère de l'Intérieur a appelé en fin de journée à "mettre fin à ces rassemblements afin d'éviter leurs répercussions sur l'ordre public". Il a accusé le mouvement des Frères musulmans d'être derrière les heurts qui ont eu lieu dans la capitale.

Partout dans le pays les manifestants ont fait référence à la révolte populaire qui a fait tomber mi-janvier le président tunisien Zine El Abidine Ben Ali après 23 ans de pouvoir.

"Pain, Liberté, Dignité", scandaient certains, reprenant des slogans des manifestants tunisiens. "Moubarak dégage", criaient d'autres.

"Ces manifestations sont les plus importantes depuis 1977 non seulement par le nombre des participants et le fait qu'elles ont lieu dans tout le pays, mais aussi parce qu'elles touchent l'ensemble de la population", estime le politologue Amr al-Chobaki, de l'institut al-Ahram.

La contamination: Sonia Rolley

Le suicide provoque une culpabilité chez les survivants. En général, cela touche les proches, qui se demandent comment ils ont pu passer à côté d'un tel mal-être, ce qu'ils auraient pu faire pour l'empêcher. Dans le cas de l'immolation par le feu, l'acte est public. Il désigne en soi la société comme responsable. Et le lieu choisi n'a rien d'anodin. Il désigne le principal coupable. Dans les cas récents, ce sont des symboles du pouvoir : une préfecture, l'assemblée, le sénat... «Il y a la volonté que la société réagisse. Dans le cas de Mohamed Bouazizi, la société tunisienne qui s'est tue pendant si longtemps a culpabilisé. D'où ce réveil, analyse Saida Douki Dedieu. C'était pour eux une manière de dire qu'il avait raison.»

Cela explique en partie la multiplication des cas d'immolation dans le Maghreb. Ceux qui tentent de l'imiter se reconnaissent dans cette douleur et cette détresse exprimées. Ils estiment vivre dans les mêmes conditions que Mohamed Bouazizi et qu'il a ouvert la voie. Dans la foulée, en Tunisie, il y a eu plusieurs cas, avant ceux plus récents en Algérie, au Maroc, en Egypte ou en Mauritanie.

Rita El Khayat évoque une contamination de proche en proche. L'immolé devient un héros national pour avoir fait le sacrifice ultime qui a permis à la société de se réveiller. C'est le cas pour le Mauritanien qui a tenté de se suicider par le feu devant le Sénat à Nouakchott. Il avait publié sur sa page Facebook plusieurs messages, l'un en hommage à Mohamed Bouazizi, les autres ayant une portée plus politique. Sorte de manifeste, il avait même formulé plusieurs revendications et il avait menacé le régime d'être lui aussi renversé par une révolte populaire. «Il doit y avoir une fantasmagorie incroyable avant le passage à l'acte. Celui qui s'en convainc imagine tout ce qui peut se passer après, avec une accélération des images mentales et des pulsions de plus en plus forces», précise la psychiatre marocaine.

Le tabou du suicide
L'islam, comme toutes les autres religions monothéistes, interdit le suicide. Le fondement est toujours le même. C'est Dieu qui est à l'origine de la vie et en se donnant la mort, on s'octroie une prérogative divine. C'est déjà l'opinion de Platon. Aristote estime pour sa part que c'est un acte lâche. Les Romains eux l'admettaient dans certains cas particuliers, comme après une défaite, pour éviter les tortures ou la mise en esclavage, en cas de douleur physique ou de perte d'un être cher. Sénèque le saluait comme le dernier acte de l'homme libre. La première formalisation de la condamnation du suicide chez les chrétiens date de 452.

Dans le cas de l'immolation par le feu, c'est impossible à ignorer. Saida Douki Dedieu exerçait en Tunisie jusqu'en 2006. Elle a eu l'occasion de poser la question à plusieurs jeunes qui avaient choisi ce moyen pour attenter à leur vie et leur a posé la question. Leur réponse était toujours la même: «Ils m'ont dit que la douleur provoquée par le feu était telle qu'ils pensaient que Dieu serait compatissant. Ils s'en remettaient à la miséricorde de Dieu, une miséricorde qu'ils n'avaient pas trouvé sur terre.»

Pathologie personnelle ou sociale?
En Égypte, comme en Algérie, les autorités ont évoqué des troubles psychiatriques pour expliquer le geste de certains immolés. «Tout le monde ne peut pas s'immoler par le feu, reconnaît Rita El Khayat. Il y a sans doute une composante paranoïaque de la personnalité, du masochisme et une capacité à sublimer les souffrances ou les tortures internes.» Mais de là à parler de maladies mentales, il y a un pas qui lui paraît difficile à franchir à cause de la dimension politique de l'acte. Saida Douki Dedieu renchérit: «Le suicide est une conduite complexe à mi-chemin d'une pathologie personnelle et d'une pathologie sociale. Mais l'immolation par le feu est celle qui a la plus petite composante personnelle.»

Un homme a tenté de s'immoler par le feu mardi à Safi (sud-ouest du Maroc) : MAP

le quatrième à accomplir un tel geste depuis les évènements de Tunisie, a rapporté L'homme, qui a commis son geste chez lui, a été transporté à l'hôpital. Il souffre de troubles psychiatriques et avait déjà commis une tentative de suicide en octobre dernier en avalant une forte dose de médicaments, a affirmé l'agence.

Agé d'une vingtaine d'années, il a été gravement brûlé, a indiqué une source hospitalière à l'AFP. Ses parents, qui ont tenté de lui porter secours, ont été légèrement brûlés, a-t-on précisé.
Trois personnes ont tenté de s'immoler par le feu vendredi dernier au Maroc, mais aucune d'elles n'a perdu la vie.

Une tentative, la première signalée depuis les événements de Tunisie, a eu lieu à Casablanca. Elle aurait été provoquée, selon la MAP, par un problème d'héritage.
Les deux autres se sont produites au Sahara occidental et dans le centre du Maroc.
L'immolation par le feu d'un jeune homme, le 17 décembre à Sidi Bouzid, dans le centre de la Tunisie, est à l'origine de la révolte populaire qui a fait chuter un mois plus tard le régime du président Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

Depuis, plusieurs tentatives de suicide par le feu, parfois mortelles, ont été recensées dans les pays de la région, notamment en Algérie, Egypte ou au Maroc.
Un homme qui avait tenté de mettre fin à ses jours en s'immolant par le feu à Nouakchott en Mauritanie est mort samedi dernier à Casablanca, où il avait été transféré en raison de la gravité de ses blessures.

hrir Square, chanting against Mubarak الشعب يريد إسقاط الحكومة

Tens of thousands of protesters in Tahrir Square, chanting against Mubarak.

The demonstrators are trying to storm the parliament, only to be met with tear gas and water cannons. There are dozens who are injured. Twitter and Bambuser are blocked by the government. We are using proxies now to Tweet.

The protesters are chanting the same slogans as the Tunisians: الشعب يريد إسقاط الحكومة! The people want to overthrow the govt!

Protesters in Mahalla have taken down Mubarak’s poster in the Shawn Square.